The goal of advancing eco cities often remains confined to political or technological issues. This book establishes a focus on architectural and infrastructural design approaches to sustainable urban planning. Starting out from a critical assessment of five prototypical eco cities of recent decades, the book identifies fields in which architectural and urban designers can use their creative skills and methods to achieve sustainable results on an urban scale. Sustainability is undergoing a shift of focus from quantitative measures toward designoriented, interactive interventions. The range of qualitative solutions in ecological design is discussed here in four topical sections on "Materialize", "Mobilize", "Simulate" and "Transform". For example, "Materialize" explores the potential of eco-design beyond the traditional palette of materials to show how spatial boundaries can be re-imagined as gradients of conditioned versus unconditioned space, working with climatic conditions rather than material boundaries to help generate new forms of urban architecture. Notes Includes index.

This book shows how easy it is to produce beautiful paintings. Using simple techniques to build up a picture from start to finish, this comprehensive guide to watercolours presents advice on choosing materials and getting started, invaluable instructions for laying washes and panting skies, landscapes and building, key techniques for dealing with shadows and light, mood and atmosphere and five lovely paintings from the programmes to try out.